Date coding - Gavin Carragher, GALA Solutions
In Australia and New Zealand, we’re pretty hot on food safety. We have very stringent standards to help protect us from eating or drinking anything that might do us harm. One of the key regulations is that everything that is manufactured for human consumption has to include date information on its packaging.
Food producers often come to us for help and advice in ensuring that their packaging and labelling meets these standards and in this article we share some of that knowledge:
Date codes - the basics
The most commonly used date codes are ‘Use by’ or ‘Best before’, and sometimes you’ll also see ‘Sell by’ or ‘Manufactured on’.
Date codes are a really big deal for manufacturers - without this information, the product can’t legally be offered for sale and retailers won’t accept it. If date code label printing fails, some manufacturers have to shut down production until printing resumes.
So for food and beverage manufacturers, it’s essential to know how to provide date codes, and how to pick the best technology for printing them.
The date code differs from other product information in two ways:
- Firstly, it has to be readable by the consumer not just a scanner. Date codes have to be in numbers and words, not just black lines and dots.
- Secondly, whilst the barcode can be pre-printed in advance, before the product is even manufactured, date codes can only be applied once the product is made.
Between factory and store, a product has multiple levels of packaging, all of which contain the date codes. The date code information must be on every level of packaging and must be consistent across all of them.
From production line to supermarket shelf - the date code story of a chocolate bar
Let’s use a simple bar of chocolate to illustrate how and where a date code will be displayed:
- Primary packaging - this is the wrapper around the chocolate bar. It will have an EAN 13 format barcode for product/price information and a date code in words and numbers.
- The date code is added once the product has been manufactured and will differ with each batch/product made. It will be printed directly on the wrapper or primary packaging type using a specialised inkjet, thermal transfer or laser technology for the date code.
- Secondary packaging - this is the display box that sits on the shelf and contains, say, 20 chocolate bars.
- At the secondary packaging level, the date code information is incorporated into the barcode. Barcodes on secondary packaging use a different format, called EAN 128, or one of multiple other variations of barcoding symbologies. It will also be in words and numbers.
- The EAN barcode and the word/number date code may be printed directly onto the box, or added on a label through print and apply technologies.
- Tertiary packaging - this is also known as a shipper, and is the ‘outer’ box used for transportation, warehousing and distribution. The shipper may contain, say, 50-100 of the secondary boxes. The shipper also has a label with an EAN 128 barcode that contains the date code and other important information related to the product.
- Pallets - some products will also have a fourth level of packaging - the pallet. Pallets have their own barcode format, SSCC as an example, which contains all the information of the other levels, plus sequential counting of the actual pallets related to that product.
Label ‘must haves’
For labelling to be effective, readability is of paramount importance. A label that can’t be read is simply a piece of sticky paper. Whether the information is being read by the human eye or by a scanner, it will be illegible if it fades, smudges or rubs off. An illegible label means an unsaleable product and therefore a very expensive problem.
To ensure readability, manufacturers need to choose the right technology for their application
- Print technology - thermal or thermal direct
- Print head - flathead or near edge
- The ink medium - wax, wax resin or resin
- Ribbon type, label stock and adhesive
You can read more detail on the pros and cons of each in Toshiba’s eBooks ‘Five things you need to know before buying a label printer’ and ‘Five common mistakes when choosing a ribbon’.
Printer reliability
Because date codes cannot be printed in bulk in advance, but are created as the product is made, it is no exaggeration to say that manufacturing depends on the capability to print date codes. So reliability is the other key factor when choosing a label printer for date codes. Reliability is determined by the quality of the printer itself and by choosing the right printer for the volumes and demand of the operation. You can read in more detail about this in Toshiba’s label printing eBooks.
As you can see, there’s quite a bit to consider when printing date code labels, but the stakes are high - literally the difference between a manufacturers products flying off the retail shelves, or sitting in a warehouse. So it’s worth a bit of time and expert help to get it right.